Low levels of vitamin D were associated with an increased risk for peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in a large, cross-sectional study.

Women with a very low blood level of 25(OH)D have a considerably increased breast cancer risk. The effect was found to be strongest in women who were not taking hormones for relief of menopausal symptoms.

In the past 10 years a stream of reports has announced the return of rickets. Although small in number, these cases foreshadow a larger problem of vitamin D-deficient children.

Vitamin D reverses diabetic neuropathy
Vitamin D supplementation is an effective treatment of neuropathic pain in Type 2 diabetes patients, new Australian research suggests.

Vitamin D in brain function
Vitamin D supplementation for high risk groups may be warranted. McCann & Ames point out that evidence for vitamin D’s involvement in brain function includes the wide distribution of vitamin D receptors throughout the brain. They also discuss vitamin D’s ability to affect proteins in the brain known to be directly involved in learning and memory, motor control, and possibly even maternal and social behavior.